How Could HFS Functionally Inhibit Neuronal Networks?

improvement induced by HFS of STN and the quality of the improvement under the best levodopa treatment. In addition to this major target which constitutes currently the largest indication of HFS, over the last few years and particularly the last two years, a large number of other targets have been included in the field of HFS such as the nucleus accumbens, the internal capsule, the zona incerta, the radiatio prelemniscalis, the thalamus (in VIM, in CM-Pf, in the anterior nuclei), the STN, the internal pallidum (GPi), the ventro-medial hypothalamus and probably the lateral hypothalamus, the posterior hypothalamus, the PAG-PVG and recently the cortex, not to mention the posterior group of the thalamus which was stimulated at low frequency for pain. The indications are currently more or less validated, but mostly subjected for those which are not validated, to multicenter clinical trials. The indications are in alphabetical order: aggressivity, cluster headache [12], depression [17], dystonia [9] and tardive dystonia, epilepsy [2, 7, 16], essential tremor, OCD [20], Parkinson’s disease, TICs of the disease of Gilles de la Tourette [21]. For all those indications (except pain and deafferentation tremor which respond to low frequency stimulation), the effect is obtained at frequencies higher than 100 Hertz and mimics globally the effect of ablative lesions in the same areas, when this has been performed. Main Clinical Effects of High Frequency Stimulation (HFS)